Top 10 Milk Producing Countries in Africa in 2025

In Summary

• Egypt leads Africa’s dairy industry with 5.7 billion kilograms in 2025, followed by Kenya at 5.7 billion kilograms and South Africa with 3.8 billion kilograms, while other top producers like Uganda and Morocco are expanding their milk output through investments and modernization efforts.
• The rise in milk production is driven by increased demand for dairy products, improved farming practices, and government initiatives, such as Kenya's cooperative movement and Egypt's focus on modern dairy infrastructure and genetic improvement.
• Despite growth, challenges like climate change, feed availability, and underdeveloped infrastructure remain, particularly in countries like Sudan and Nigeria. However, ongoing government and private-sector investments are helping address these barriers and promote sustainable dairy development.

Deep Dive!!

The dairy sector in Africa is on a remarkable growth trajectory, driven by an increasing demand for dairy products, the modernization of farming practices, and strategic investments across the continent. As of 2025, milk production in Africa has expanded significantly, with several countries emerging as key players in the global dairy market. According to recent data, Africa's top milk producers, including Egypt, Kenya, and South Africa, are not only meeting domestic demand but also positioning themselves as strong exporters, with countries like Uganda and Morocco expanding their presence in regional markets. The rise of Africa's dairy industry is crucial for food security, economic development, and poverty alleviation, particularly in rural areas where dairy farming serves as a livelihood for millions.

A significant driver behind this growth is the increasing consumption of dairy products. As urban populations across the continent grow and dietary habits evolve, the demand for milk, cheese, yogurt, and other dairy products is soaring. This shift has prompted countries like Egypt, with its 5.7 billion kilograms of milk production in 2025, to strengthen their dairy infrastructure and diversify product offerings. Meanwhile, nations like Kenya and Ethiopia are leveraging strong cooperative movements and innovative farming techniques to ramp up production, while smallholder farmers play an essential role in meeting the rising demand.

At the same time, the dairy industry faces several challenges, including climate change, limited access to high-quality feed, and the underdevelopment of processing infrastructure. These issues are particularly pronounced in countries like Sudan and Nigeria, where traditional farming systems continue to dominate. However, governments and private sectors are making strides toward overcoming these barriers by investing in sustainable practices, improving veterinary services, and fostering partnerships with international organizations. For example, Kenya’s focus on modern dairy farming practices and Uganda's government-led dairy initiatives have yielded impressive results, with Uganda expected to reach 5.3 billion liters of milk production by 2025.

In this article, we explore the top 10 milk-producing countries in Africa for 2025, analyzing their current production figures, ongoing challenges, and future prospects. As Africa continues to invest in its dairy sector, the economic and social impact will be profound, not only for the countries ivolved but for the broader African market and its role in global dairy trade.

10. Tanzania

Tanzania's dairy industry is experiencing a significant transformation, positioning the country as a notable player in Africa's milk production landscape. In 2025, Tanzania's annual milk production is estimated at approximately 3.3 billion kilograms, marking a substantial increase from previous years. This growth is attributed to a combination of factors, including strategic investments, government initiatives, and a shift towards more sustainable and climate-resilient dairy practices.

A pivotal development in this transformation is the launch of the Climate-Smart Dairy Transformation Project (C-SDTP), a ten-year initiative valued at $174.3 million. This project aims to modernize Tanzania's dairy sector by promoting the adoption of high-yielding dairy breeds, enhancing milk collection systems, and improving processing infrastructure. The Tanzania Dairy Board (TDB) has set an ambitious target to increase annual milk production to 13 billion liters, aligning with the country's growing demand for dairy products. Professor George Msalya, TDB Registrar, emphasized the necessity of transitioning from traditional, low-yielding cattle breeds to more productive ones to meet this goal.

Smallholder farmers are at the heart of this dairy revolution. Initiatives like the Dairy 2025 program have been instrumental in empowering over 6,000 smallholder dairy farmers in the Tanga region. By providing training in climate-smart practices, access to credit, and improved animal husbandry techniques, these programs have enabled farmers to double their milk production and significantly increase their incomes. For instance, farmers like Hamisi Kumba Alawi have seen their daily milk yields rise from nine liters to 55 liters, thanks to the support and resources provided.

The economic impact of these advancements is profound. The dairy sector now contributes approximately 2% to Tanzania's GDP, with over 4 million households directly engaged in dairy farming activities. This inclusive growth has not only improved livelihoods but also enhanced food security and nutrition across the nation. Looking ahead, Tanzania's dairy industry is poised for continued growth, driven by ongoing investments, policy support, and a commitment to sustainable practices, ensuring that the country remains a key contributor to Africa's dairy sector.

9. Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe's dairy sector is experiencing a remarkable resurgence, with milk production reaching a record 114.7 million liters in 2024, a 14.9% increase from the previous year. This growth is attributed to strategic investments, government initiatives, and a concerted effort to modernize the industry.

The government's commitment to revitalizing the dairy sector is evident through various programs aimed at enhancing productivity and reducing reliance on imports. Initiatives such as the Presidential Silage Programme and the Livestock Recovery and Growth Plan have provided smallholder farmers with essential resources, including hybrid semen and vaccines, to improve herd quality and milk yield.

Private sector involvement has also played a crucial role in this growth. Investments in processing plants and cold storage facilities have improved the efficiency of milk collection and distribution. For instance, processors like Dairibord have expanded their capacity, leading to increased milk intake and retail sales.

Despite these advancements, challenges remain. High feed costs, erratic power supplies, and limited access to financing continue to hinder profitability for many dairy farmers. Addressing these issues through policy reforms and infrastructure development will be essential for sustaining the sector's growth and achieving the national target of 150 million liters by 2025.

In summary, Zimbabwe's dairy industry is on a positive trajectory, with significant strides made in production and self-sufficiency. Continued support from both the government and private sector, along with strategic investments, will be key to overcoming existing challenges and ensuring the sector's long-term success.

8. Nigeria 

Nigeria's dairy sector is at a pivotal crossroads in 2025. Despite possessing one of Africa’s largest cattle populations, over 20 million head, the nation's milk production stands at approximately 700,000 tonnes annually. This output falls significantly short of the estimated 1.6 million tonnes consumed each year, leading to a reliance on imports to bridge the gap. The disparity highlights the underperformance of local dairy production, despite the country's substantial livestock base.

In response to this challenge, the Nigerian government has initiated a comprehensive strategy aimed at doubling domestic milk production within five years. A key component of this plan involves the importation of high-yield dairy cattle from Denmark. These imported heifers are expected to enhance milk output through improved genetics and breeding programs. Additionally, the government has registered eight new pasture species, the first such registration in nearly five decades, to improve feed quality and availability for dairy cattle.

The implementation of these measures is part of a broader national animal genetic resources strategy, developed in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This strategy aims to modernize the dairy sector by introducing advanced breeding techniques and enhancing the genetic quality of the cattle population. Livestock Minister Idi Maiha emphasized that Nigeria's existing livestock base provides a strong foundation for this transformation, stating,"With over 20.9 million cattle, 60 million sheep, and 1.4 million goats already, we are not starting from zero, we are building from strength." 

However, the path to self-sufficiency in dairy production is fraught with challenges. The reliance on traditional, low-yielding breeds, coupled with inadequate veterinary services and limited access to quality feed, hampers productivity. Furthermore, the high cost of imported dairy cattle and the need for substantial investment in infrastructure pose significant financial burdens. Despite these obstacles, the government's commitment to reforming the dairy sector signals a concerted effort to reduce the country's dependence on milk imports and enhance local production capabilities.

7. Uganda 

Uganda's dairy industry has experienced significant growth, with annual milk production estimated at 5.3 billion liters in 2025. This marks a substantial increase from previous years, reflecting the sector's expansion and modernization efforts. The country's dairy farming is predominantly located in the southwestern, central, and northeastern regions, where both indigenous and hybrid cattle breeds are raised. These areas benefit from favorable climatic conditions and a tradition of livestock farming, contributing to the steady rise in milk production.

The Dairy Development Authority (DDA)has played a pivotal role in regulating and promoting the dairy industry. Established in 1998, the DDA has implemented policies aimed at improving milk quality, increasing production, and expanding market access. These initiatives have led to a 37% increase in milk production from 2.81 billion liters in 2020/2021 to 3.85 billion liters in 2022/2023. However, challenges such as regulatory gaps, poor enforcement, and hygiene concerns remain, as highlighted in the 2024 value-for-money audit report on the regulation of Uganda’s dairy industry.

In addition to domestic growth, Uganda has become a key exporter of dairy products. In 2023, the country exported dairy products worth US$264.5 million, with key markets including Kenya, South Sudan, and Rwanda. This export growth is attributed to increased production, improved processing standards, and expanded market access. Uganda's dairy exports are expected to continue rising as the sector modernizes and diversifies its product offerings.

Despite the progress, the dairy industry faces ongoing challenges. The 2024 audit report indicates that while milk consumption has increased from 46 liters per person in 2020/2021 to 64 liters in 2022/2023, it still falls short of the World Health Organization's recommendation of 200 liters per person. Addressing these challenges requires continued investment in infrastructure, training, and regulatory improvements to ensure the sustainable growth of Uganda's dairy sector.

6. South Africa

South Africa's dairy industry is projected to produce approximately 3.8 billion kilograms of milk in 2025, reflecting a 2% increase from the previous year. This growth is attributed to declining feed costs and improved economic conditions, which have bolstered consumer demand for dairy products.

The country's dairy sector faces challenges such as heat stress, escalating production costs, and the exit of farmers from the industry. However, crossbred Holstein-Jersey cows are currently producing 18-20 liters per day, with some dairies in Northern South Africa achieving 40-45 liters per day under total mixed ration feeding systems.

In response to these challenges, South Africa is focusing on increasing milk powder production, with forecasts indicating a 10% rise in 2025. This increase is driven by higher demand for infant formula and other dairy products, particularly in the Sub-Saharan Africa region.

The government's efforts to modernize the dairy sector, coupled with favorable economic conditions, position South Africa as a key player in Africa's dairy industry. Continued investment in infrastructure and technology will be essential to sustain this growth and meet the rising demand for dairy products.

5. Morocco 

Morocco's dairy industry is experiencing notable growth, with milk production reaching approximately 2.6 billion kilograms in 2025. This expansion is driven by strategic investments in modern farming practices, improved genetics, and a focus on sustainable practices. The country's dairy sector is supported by a combination of smallholder and commercial farms, with a growing emphasis on enhancing productivity and quality.

The Moroccan government has implemented various initiativesto bolster the dairy industry. These include subsidies for feed, veterinary services, and incentives for adopting advanced farming technologies. Additionally, partnerships with international organizations have facilitated knowledge transfer and capacity building among local farmers. These efforts aim to increase milk yield per cow and improve overall herd health, contributing to the sector's growth.

Consumer demand for dairy products in Morocco is on the rise, driven by urbanization, changing dietary habits, and a growing middle class. This shift has led to increased consumption of dairy products such as milk, yogurt, and cheese. In response, dairy processors are expanding their product offerings and distribution networks to meet the evolving needs of the market.

Looking ahead, Morocco's dairy industry is poised for continued growth. The government's commitment to supporting the sector, coupled with ongoing investments and a favorable market environment, positions Morocco as a key player in Africa's dairy landscape. By addressing challenges such as feed availability and climate change, Morocco aims to achieve greater self-sufficiency in dairy production and reduce reliance on imports.

4. Ethiopia 

Ethiopia's dairy sector is experiencing a significant transformation, with annual milk production estimated at 4.3 billion kilograms in 2025. This growth is attributed to a combination of factors, including an expanding livestock population, improved breeding programs, and increased investments in dairy infrastructure. The country's diverse livestock population, comprising various indigenous and crossbred cattle, contributes to this substantial production. However, challenges such as limited access to veterinary services and feed remain, impacting overall productivity.

The Ethiopian government has recognized the importance of the dairy sector and has implemented several initiatives to address existing challenges. Programs focusing on improving animal health services, enhancing feed availability, and providing training to farmers are underway. For instance, the establishment of local liquid nitrogen production facilities has facilitated artificial insemination programs, leading to an increase in the number of crossbred cattle. Additionally, efforts to strengthen cooperatives and improve market access are helping farmers achieve better prices for their products.

Despite these advancements, the sector faces ongoing issues. The scarcity of quality feed, inadequate veterinary services, and limited access to improved dairy breeds continue to hinder productivity. Furthermore, climate change poses risks to livestock health and productivity, exacerbating existing challenges. Addressing these issues requires sustained investment in infrastructure, research, and policy support.

Looking ahead, Ethiopia's dairy industry holds significant potential. With continued investment and support, the country aims to increase milk production to 11.8 billion liters by 2030. Achieving this goal will not only enhance food security and nutrition but also contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction. The success of these initiatives will depend on the effective implementation of policies, collaboration among stakeholders, and the active participation of farmers in the development process.

3. Sudan 

Sudan's dairy industry is experiencing gradual growth, with an estimated annual milk production of approximately 3.3 billion kilograms in 2025. This development is primarily attributed to the country's extensive livestock population, which includes cattle, camels, and goats. These animals provide essential dairy products, contributing significantly to the livelihoods of rural communities. However, the sector's productivity remains relatively low due to the dominance of traditional pastoral systems and limited mechanization.

The majority of Sudanese dairy production is based on extensive, mobile pastoral systems. These systems are deeply integrated into the socio-cultural fabric of Sudanese society. Pastoralists manage their herds across vast rangelands, adapting to seasonal variations and environmental challenges. While this approach has sustained dairy production for centuries, it faces challenges such as limited access to veterinary services, feed resources, and modern dairy technologies. These constraints hinder the sector's potential for increased productivity and efficiency.

Recognizing the need for modernization, there have been efforts to introduce improved dairy practices. For instance, the establishment of dairy farms equipped with rotary milking parlors in Khartoum represents a significant step towards mechanization. These farms aim to enhance milk yield and quality through better management practices and technology adoption. Additionally, initiatives to improve animal genetics and breeding programs are underway to boost productivity.

Despite these advancements, the dairy sector faces ongoing challenges. The lack of infrastructure, such as reliable transportation and cold storage facilities, hampers the efficient collection and distribution of milk. Furthermore, the sector's growth is constrained by limited investment and policy support. Addressing these issues requires a concerted effort from both the government and private sector to invest in infrastructure, provide training to farmers, and implement supportive policies that promote sustainable dairy production practices.

2. Kenya 

Kenya's dairy sector stands as a cornerstone of its agricultural economy, with an estimated annual milk production of 5.7 billion kilograms in 2025. This robust output is primarily attributed to the country's extensive smallholder farming system, which accounts for over 80% of milk production. The sector's growth is further bolstered by favorable climatic conditions in regions such as Central Kenya, which support year-round dairy farming.

A significant driver of Kenya's dairy success is its strong cooperative movement. Cooperatives like Meru Dairy Cooperative Union and Limuru Dairy Farmers Cooperative Society have been instrumental in aggregating milk, providing veterinary services, and facilitating access to markets. For instance, Meru Dairy's annual field dayattracts over 35,000 farmers, showcasing the cooperative's role in knowledge dissemination and community engagement. 

Veterinary services have also seen notable improvements, with initiatives aimed at enhancing animal health and productivity. Programs focusing on artificial insemination and disease management have been implemented, leading to better herd genetics and reduced disease incidence. These advancements are crucial for maintaining the health of the dairy herd and ensuring sustainable milk production. 

The demand for dairy products in Kenya remains strong, driven by both domestic consumption and export opportunities. In 2025, the country aims to increase its dairy exports to approximately US$69.5 million, up from US$7.3 million in 2023. This growth is facilitated by investments in processing facilities and adherence to international standards, enabling Kenyan dairy products to access regional and international markets.

In summary, Kenya's dairy industry exemplifies the potential of smallholder-driven agriculture supported by cooperative structures, veterinary advancements, and a dynamic market. With continued investment and innovation, Kenya is poised to strengthen its position as a leading milk producer in Africa.

1. Egypt

Egypt continues to lead Africa's dairy industry with an estimated annual milk production of 5.7 billion kilograms in 2025. This achievement is underpinned by a robust dairy sector that combines large-scale commercial farms with a significant number of smallholder producers. The country's dairy cattle population, approximately 4.7 million, supports this substantial output, ensuring a steady supply for both domestic consumption and export markets.

The Egyptian government's proactive policies have been instrumental in fostering the growth of the dairy industry. Initiatives such as subsidies for feed and veterinary services, along with investments in dairy infrastructure, have enhanced productivity and quality. These measures have not only bolstered local production but also positioned Egypt as a competitive playerin regional dairy exports. 

The dairy sector's expansion is also reflected in the increasing demand for processed dairy products. Companies like Juhayna Food Industries and Danone Egypt have been at the forefront, introducing a variety of dairy products to meet consumer preferences. This diversification has contributed to the sector's resilience and its ability to cater to a growing urban population.

Looking ahead, Egypt's dairy industry is poised for continued growth. The government's commitment to modernization, coupled with ongoing investments and a favorable market environment, positions Egypt as a key player in Africa's dairy landscape. By addressing challenges such as feed availability and climate change, Egypt aims to achieve greater self-sufficiency in dairy production and reduce reliance on imports.